1. 原文：长期以来，中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展重大战略，把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容，采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气候变化做出了重要贡献。

考生答案China attached great importance to climate change in the long run. It took actively responding to climate change as the key strategy of economy and society and integrated the green low carbon development into the major content of ecological civilization. China has taken a serious of actions and made significant contribution to global climate change.

参考答案：For a long time, China has attached great importance to the issue of global climate change, made it a major strategy for national social and economic development to proactively respond to climate change, regarded
green low- carbon development as an important part of ecological development, and taken a series of concrete actions. In so doing, China has made important contributions to the efforts in coping with global climate change.

解析：本句句子较长，翻译时可采取断句译法，将整句拆分成两部分来译。第一部分可将“重视”.把...作为”.把....作为”以及“采取”这四个小句，翻译成并列的谓语部分。其中，两个用来进一步解释说明情况的“把字句”可在句式上稍有不同，以增强句式结构的变换性和丰富性。第二部分....做出了重要贡献”则是上述四个谓语部分的行动结果，因此可用表示因果的连词前后承接并直译即可。同时，翻译本句时仍需准确表述其中的一些常见术语，比如“高度重视”“国家经济社会发展重大战略”“绿色低碳发展”“生态文明建设”等。
2. 原文：中国还将在农业、林业、水资源等重点领域和城市、沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候变化风险的机制，提高抵抗能力。

考生答案：China will build the  effective mechanism to respond to climate change in such key field as agriculture, forest industry and water resource  and such regions as city, coastal and ecological vulnerable regions.                          .参考答案：China will put in place effective mechanisms to guard against risks caused by climate change and enhance capabilties to cope with possible risks in such key areas as agriculture, forestry and water resources, and in cities, coastal areas and ecologically fragile areas.

解析：考虑到英语句子语义重心常常在前，而汉语句子语义重心一般在后的特点，在翻译本句时应先理清和调整句子结构，“中国....在.....领域...地区形....机制，提高抵抗能力”，建议顺应英文句式语序进行换序翻译，先将主干部分前置，译为..put in place/develop .. mechanisms, and enhance capabilities .. , 然后再将定语部分“有效抵御气候变化风险的”和状语部分“.....领域....地区”后置翻译即可。